Gold Chain

 Inflation refers to a sustained increase in the general price level where the value of money falls. Prices of commodities and services increase. Inflation generally occurs  due to either an increase in costs of  production like wages,raw materials and other inputs termed as cost push, or a  rise in demand for goods and services termed as demand pull inflation or by both. During inflationary  situation both low income and fixed income groups suffer most.People whose wages or salaries are linked to cost of living index do not suffer much. It may be noted here that in a  country where an estimated 140 crores of people live only 8.3 crores of people are in salaried occupations and hence inflation impacts majority of our population.  Wholesale price index (inflation) (WPI) measures and tracks the changes in the prices of commodities in the stages before the retail level, whereas Consumer Price index (CPI) is measured at the retail segment. India's WPI reco...

 Venkatesh was born as the third and youngest child of Murugan-Rajathi couple in Mannadipet village of Puducherry.Family's main source of livelihood was agriculture and dairying .Unlike the other two children eldest daughter Andal and elder son Rajan venkatesh was not handsome and also dark complexioned. But right from the beginning he was very studious in his studies. Seeing his enthusiasm teachers in general appreciated and encouraged him. When he graduated with a first class from the Government College Puducherry he could get admission for post graduate course in the Central University. His household conditions were such that he was badly in need of a job to support family, accordingly he started appearing for competitive examinations. Finally when he was about to appear for  fourth semester examination appointment letter came from the Puducherry Government appointing him to the post of Upper Division Clerk. He readily accepted it without waiting for the semester examinatio...

Central banks across the world have been exploring the feasibility of introducing Central bank digital currency (CBDC).In India  the  High Level Ministerial  Committee constituted in November 2017 examined the policy and legal framework for regulation of virtual/crypto currencies ,had recommended the introduction of CBDC as a digital form of  fiat money in  India. Finance minister in her budget announced the decision to introduce Central Bank Digital Currency by Reserve Bank of India using block chain and related technologies in 2022-23. Apart from giving a big boost to Digital economy the digital rupee is expected to lead to a more efficient and cheaper system of currency management. Digital currency is a form of currency that is available in digital or electronic form and not in physical form.It is also called digital money, electronic money, virtual currency or cyber cash. Digital money is exchanged using technologies such as smartphones, credit/ debit cards,...

The Union Budgetl 2022-23 presented in the 75th year of independence sets the stage for a Amrit Kaal over the next 25 years culminating a vision for 2047.The goals of Amrit Kaal are broadly to 1.Focus on growth and all inclusive welfare 2.Promoting technology enabled development, energy transition and climate action and 3.Virtuous cycle starting from private investment, crowded in by public capital investment. The stated four priorities are A.PM GatiShakti.  B.Inclusive Development.C.Productive Enhancement and Investment, Sunrise opportunities, Energy Transition and Climate Action .and D.Financing of Investments.   Total budget expenditure for 2022-23 is estimated to be ₹39.45 lakh crores out of which revenue receipts are₹2204422 crores and revenue expenditure ₹ 3194663 crores whereas effective budgeted capital expenditure is ₹1067889 crores as against the capital receipts of ₹1740487 crores to make up the difference in revenue budget.As per the budget 35% of receipts com...