Gold Chain

 Houthis are Ansar Allah / Anasurllah or revivalist Shia Islamist paramilitary and political organization that originated from Yemen in the 1990s. It's leadership is predominantly from the Houthi family. Houthis are supported by Iran, and now they are largely considered as a part of the Iranian led axis of resistance. Their ideology combines Khomenism,anti imperialism, anti Zionism withZaydi Shia RevivalismðddddddThis group has been a major player in Yemen's civil war and they were condemned against wide spread  human rights violations and abuses ranging from  targeting civilians to using child soldiers  by Houthis. This has prompted many  countries to designate Houthis as a terrorist organization.  Under the leadership Hussain Al Houthi  Houthis emerged as an opposition movement against Yemeni President Ali Abdullah Saleh who were accused of corruption but backed by both Saudi Arabia and USA.In  2003 backed by  the Lebanese  Shia politi...

GLOBAL SCENARIO During the last seven years global economy has witnessed severe stress in terms of pandemic induced disruption in global supply chains, the wars in Ukraine and Middle East, consequent sharp increase in energy  and commodity prices. Consequently significant changes in trade barriers further impacted resilience of households, firms,financial markets and governments. The resilience can be measured in terms of IMF's global growth forecast .Resilience is unevenly distributed. The technology cycle has provided a demand impulse driven by strong investment in Artificial Intelligence. The interaction  of forces like geopolitics and technology produced a split in global economy. Favourable terms of trade or technology related exports and investment give some countries a cushion as against higher import bill and weaker demand for others. Use of buffers and adaptability have helped few to tide over fiscal and external stress WORLD GDP GROWTH IMF's World Economic Outlook pr...

2026 ECONOMICS NOBEL FOR MACRO STABILITY The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences decided to award 2026 Alfred Nobel Economics  Prize to two Americans Robert E.Hall of Stanford University and Michael Woodford of Columbia University for their path breaking micro studies for macroeconomic policy of stabilisation. Both Robert E Hall and Michael Woodford have developed new macro economic models that drastically changed our ability to implemen effective stabilization policy that can significantly reduce economy's peaks and trough conditions. Their research transformed modern economic policy building models based on individual household and business decisions rather than mere aggregate statistical links.Their work provided the theoretical framework for New Keynesian Economics that enables  Central Banks and Governments to design more effective monetary, fiscal and other policies to reduce economic booms and busts.It may be noted here that after J M Keynes introduced stabilisation theor...

 INCREASE IN REPO RATE  RBI's Monetary policy Committee meeting concluded on October 7th 2026  and tohe Central Bank announced a  hike in  repo rate by 25 basis points to 5.50% first time  increase, since February 2023. Accordingly the MPC has shifted it's Monetary policy stance from " neutral to "Caliberated tightening "to address increasing inflationary pressures induced by elevated crude prices, ongoing West Asian crisis and global uncertainties. Similarly BI has upgraded GDP forecasts to 7.1% for Fy 2026-27 ,it projected CPI Inflation  at 5.2% for FY 2027.Along with inreased repo rate of 5.50% ,standing Deposit Facility (SDF) raised to 5.25 from 5.0 % and Marginal Standing Facility (MSF) and bank rate inreased to 5.75% from 5.50%. BACKGROUND  Through caliberated tightening RBI has signaled the easing cycle  with probability of vulnerabilities like crude prices near $116 per barrel, a weak monsoon,high food prices and broadening of inflati...

 UNO After the second world War  United Nations Organisation was established to make the actions of different nations state more predictable, by creating adequate  space  for  dialogue with  elaborate structural frame work for the  application of appropriate  international law.Officially UN was established on October 24,1945 after major nations ratified the U N charter including, China,France,Soviet Union and the United Kingdom.After completing 80 annual meetings so far,  the theme of the present 81st  session of United Nations General Assembly held recently was" Restoring Trust, managing transformation:A United Nations that Delivers for All".Ironically  currently the global confidence in multilateralism has plunged to the historic low .Hence concentrating the pillars of Peace,security development are very much significant in restoring trust.It is also  required that UNO must actively involve in addressing common grievances lik...

PAST EXPERIENCE  Eventhough Section 301 of the US Trade Act of 1974 have been used against  India in the past , major impact occurred following the Pokhran II nuclear test by India in May 1998. US and it's allies imposed economic ,technological and military Sanctions against the country . At that time India withstood the impact through a combination of policies including diplomatic persistence, domestic resilience and economic diversification. To offset  the loss of foreign aid and loan assistance  Indian Government successfully launched the" Resergent India Bond Scheme"  and about $ 4 billion were promptly mobilised from Non Resident Indians and  Indian diaspora. India also  diversified its trade partnership with Russia, European Union, and Middle East countries for defense and energy.Even though sanctions led to temporary slackening of Infrastructural projects and dip in India's exports to US,,India's ongoing  economic liberalisation and vibrant...