Gold Chain

 Global Governance has evolved over many centuries shaped by major historical turning points and the rise of global institutions.The treaty of Kadesh (BC1258) and the Treaty of Westphatia (1648) marked  significant moments  by establishing formal international treaties. Treaty of Westphalia marked the end of 30 years of war that devastated  Europe (1618-48)and witnessed the end of rule by religious authority and the  emergence of secular authority rule.Since then  the secular authority  provided the foundation of international relations and the idea and notion of territorial integrity of states- legally equal and Sovereign participation in the global system evolved and prevailed .Similarly organizations like Telegraph Union (1865),and Universal  Postal Union (1865) between Egypt and Hittites also played their role to coordinate the behaviour of transactional actors, facilitating cooperation, resolving disputes and establishing rule of law.The Indu...

VICISSITUDES IN INDO CANADA RELATIONS  Indo Canada bilateral relations dates back to  19th century and both were members of Common Wealth Nations and G20.Indian emigration to Canada also started in 2nd half of 19th century.Eventhough Canadian Government initially introduced immigration quotas  by 1970s and 1980s Indian emigration to Canada increased rapidly,and Indians   became one of the largest immigrant  population in Canada. As per one estimate Canada ranks 4th among countries with large Indian population of 2875,954 people of Indian origin.  As per the estimates  of students there were more than 8 lakh  international students in Canada  in 2022 wherein 40% were from India.During in the period 2023 to 2025 India Canada diplomatic relations deteriorated mainly due to  the Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau's allegation that India was responsible to  assasinate a Khalistani separatist movement leader in June 2023. Followi...

 ISRAEL US  IRAN WAR  Between 1948 and 1979 Iran and Israel had maintained cordial relationship .After 1979 Islamic Revolution Iran cut off its relations with Israel. Iranian Islamists  supported the Palestinian Liberation Organisation and later Palestinian Islamic Jihad and Hamas.On the contrary Israel has fought  war with Palestinians in and around Gaza strip in 2008-09,2009-12,2014-2021'and since 2023.In recent discussions despite Iran's reported commitment not to make a nuclear bomb or stockpile nuclear material as promised in the mediating discussion between US and Iran held on 27th February under Omani mediation , the very next day USA and Israel ,conducted  about 2000 strikes on Iranian targets  destroying military infrastructure, naval vessels, missile systems and command centers and  killing Iran's Supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei and dozens of senior Iranian officials.Consequently Iran started vengeance by striking on Israel and US ...