CHANGING GLOBAL SCENARIO AND INDIAN STRATEGY

 GLOBAL SCENARIO 

Despite set backs primarily in Indo US  relations India remains vibrant in the contemporary multipolar world by pursuing strategic  autonomy and multi alignment  and its involvement as a  key player in the global governance and regional stability. India has been continuously balancing its relationships with major powers including USA, Russia and China. We are  advocating more equitable international order through platforms like G20 ,BRICS etc.Country's external policy is characterized by"multi -alignment " engaging  with multiple global blocs like  G20,BRICS, SCO, QUAD etc without a  formal military alliance. India's role in the Indo Pacific is pivotal to it's multi polar strategy comprising of Act East  Policy and SAGAR doctrine aimed at countering China's influences in Pacific region and strengthening regional connectivity. India's voice is gradually evolving as the voice of Global South advocating structural changes  and reforms and equal participation in global governance of multilateral institutions  including  IMF,World Bank ,WTO and United Nations. India's role in a multipolar world focus on leveraging it's increasing geopolitical and economic clout to pursue strategic autonomy balancing relationship with major powers through multi alignment in organizations like BRICS, SCO and QUAD. Championing the global South focusing on economic diplomacy while managing regional challenges like border security with China and terrorism from Pakistan aiming for a balanced  pluralistic world order .Strengthening  platforms like BRICS' new development Bank, BRICS + ,QUAD ,SCO G20,increased use of local currency in external trade etc highlight  obviously the new shift in policy. Similarly increasing role of ministerial groupings like I2U2(India- Israel-UAE-USA) and QUAD indicate proactive diplomacy. India is also pushing for a multipolar Asia, that ensure the regional balance within a  multipolar world.India's global role  has been further strengthened by its active participation in multilateral forums and the country hosted G20 2023 summit wherein it has proved its positioning itself as a bridge between developed and developing economies. India's leadership was also very vibrant in championing the cause of the Global South and advocating for global governance rooted in non alignment and equitable global governance. It may be observed  here that both Indian diplomats and trade negotiators have been working to reach  mainly bilateral trade agreements with countries like  UK,Oman, New Zealand, EU,GCC Australia and USA. However because of the unreasonable and belligerent attitude of Trump administration  through imposition huge tariff  on India's goods exports, decline in net investment inflows and emigration to US had  resulted in cumulative adverse impact. 

INDIA IN THE GLOBAL CONTEXT 

As per latest data USA remained the word's largest economy in terms of GDP  followd by China, Germany and India.  India has emerged as a  major player in the global economic scenario projected to remain fastest growing major economy for fiscal years 2025-26 and 2026-27 with an annual growth rate of 6.7% as against the projected global average growth of just 2.7 % for 2025-26. Multilateral agencies like IMF World Bank, OECD and global rating agencies also endorse relatively very vibrant role of Indian economyic growth prospects. Indian economy has surpassed Japan and became world's fourth largest economy by nominal GDP value of US $ 3.78 trillion in June 2025.India is projected to grow further reach the third largest economy status by 2030 with projected GDP of $7.3 trillion. India's economy is driven primarily by consumption which account for 70% of GDP making it resilient to external shocks. Consumption led growth model is buttresed by rising private  consumption ,increased access to credit and lower inflation. As before service  sector growth continously to robust  contributing about 55% of GDP. Manufacturing sector development  has been impacted by programmes like production linked Incentive PLI,Atmanirbharbharath scheme etc. India's economic growth has been driven by factors like demographic dividend and human capital supported by education &Skill, strong infrastructure, FDI, growth in technology supported by Startups, Unicorns, and manufacturing. Digital revolution is  supported by PLI scheme resulting in substantial increase output. 

The year 2025 has been affected by full of issues ranging from excess of  distress in immigration and visa restrictions in USA and trouble and turmoil in neighboring Asian countries. Imposition of tarrifs by Donald Trump administration across countries and commodities have negatively impacted geopolitical situation and the functioning of global economy. In 12th March 2025 Trump imposed 25% tarrif on import of aluminum and steel to boost US factory employment. On the otherhand President's uncertain policies are adversely impacting stock market and creating recessionary trends in the economy.According to Moodys (credit rating agencies)  the  President's uncertain policies are impacting stock market and creating recessionary trends in the economy. Along with the impact of US elections,the rise of ultra  right politicians in European elections, Japan and Chile developed growing conservative and xenophobic approach. Russian war in Ukraine continues for  a fourth year. 

However India achieved major  diplomatic turn around   in ties with Canada which was strained much since 2023 over the allegations that India was behind the assassination of a Khalistani separatist in Canada. But during G7 summit the new Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney agreed to set aside differences between the two countries countries. Similarly the relations between Afghanistan taliban rulers and  India also drastically improved due to the dynamic interventions of both Indian and Afghan foreign Ministers .

FEATURES OF US HEGOMONIC ACTIVITIES 

Since it's Independence in 1776 the united states has expanded it's dominance  using force or waging wars.Different forms of hegmony comprise of Political Hegemony  throwing US's weight around,  Military Hegemony through use of force,Economic Hegemony by exploitation and looting, Technological Hegemony through monopoly and suppression and  Cultural Hegemony  spreading  false narratives.It waged war against Mexico, instigated American Spanish war and annexed Hawaii. After second world War countries which witnessed such hegomonic actions were the  Korean war  Vietnam War,The Gulf War, Libyan war and the Syrian war. President Trump's 2026 action of imperialism against Venezuela seems to be very absurd illegal action and similar  to that of 2003 invasion of Iraq in order to z"implement democracy and destroy weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)".By withdrawing from multilateral agencies and commitments like Climate access,commitments to World Health Organisation Dispute settlement system of World Trade Organisation etc USA is turning away from international norms and commitments If international community remains silent whether country is big or small it is equivalent to entrusting ratification of international communities' world order and individual country's sovereignty to  the whims and fancy of USA. 

American hegmony is gradually declining due  to both internal and external weaknesses comprising of  global competition, deepening domestic divide,inequality, political polarization and lack of credibility. It has been observed that US Hegemony has been weakening particularly in Global South  where perceptions of Chinese leadership is rising due to infrastructure investment and use of  vibrant soft power .But in financial markets still US  stock market commands approximately 70 % of the leading global index, reflecting investors faith in stock markets. US $ still remained the greatest financial  markets in order to promote international commerce ,financial transactions  and retain the pre eminent global reserve currency. However the attempts for US Dedolarisation remain difficult and arduous process. While BRICS Dedolarisation is characterized by increased use of local currencies for  bilateral trade (like China,-Russia ,India-China) and discussions around alternative payments systems  continues  including search for an alternative common currency for full replacement of US $ eventually. 

CONCLUSION 

On January 5th 2026 Again President Trump is threatening new tariff against India over the Russian oil issue. Apart from Venezuela Trump is planning to intervene in Countries like Cuba,Columbia, and even Mexico. As expected Donald Trump's tariff measures are not at all corrective but purely coercive  to meet deliberately the hegomonic interests. Trumps attempt to intervene the internal affairs of soveriegn countries flouting international rules and diplomacy needs to be contempted and corrected. The recent developments will continue to create wrong precedence and there should be collective effort from all countries to uphold rule of law and sovereignty of nations .Already  US media itself expressed concern about the uncertainty in US plan to run Venezuela. A general feature witnessed in Trump's ll administration is that in many cases decisions are taken  in a haste and later withdraws it at least partiallyu. As far as Indian economy is concerned despite our attempts to diversify trade, margnal impact on growth is likely to happen.