Gold Chain

 Generally speaking if a country's national income, output and employment grow together there will be optimum growth and well-being. But given the largest size of population spread of capital intensive techniques of production, automation and Digitalisation,  generation of adequate employment opportunities in a country like India becomes a great challenge.  .Since mid  1980s and more particularly after the liberaiisation of Indian economy, in the 2000s GDP growth rate exceeded 8%.But despite 2008 global financial crisis and Covid 19 pandemic Indian economy on an average achieved remarkably more than 6% GDP growth for the past four decades.Despite relatively high growth the country has been  lagging behind continously in employment generation across the years. This trend has been prevalent in most countries. As per the recent "India Employment Report 2024  released by International Labour Organisation (ILO)and Institute of Human Development (IHD) the most st...

 Dominic was born into the family of Joseph Maria couple. Later their daughter Elsa was added to their family. Joseph's family was rich in terms of both inherited and acquired property and assets.Even then Joseph maintained that he will provide only adequate deserving education but children themselves should search and acquire appropriate jobs. Accordingly Dominic preferred employment in the bank, first he thought approaching Trichur based banks easier but Joseph refused to give any pecuniary favour or recommendation.He made two  more attempts and finally succeeded as probationary officer in State Bank of India. Elsa on the other hand. Systematically completed her PhD and got absorbed in Mahatma Gandhi University as teaching faculty.Dominic was enjoying his profession to the maximum possible extent. Meanwhile he got married to Jancy the daughter of the Gulf business man Johnson.Their family comprised of Jancy  Johnson had his son along with his wife Lizy .His business was...

 The organizational structure of the world Trade Organisation (WTO) was headed by the Ministerial Conference composed of all member countries who  meet  at least once in two years .There is the General Council of WTO composed of all the members to oversee the operation of WTO agreements and Ministerial decisions on a regular basis. There is also Councils for- Trade in goods, trade in services, and Trade related aspects of intellectual property rights and also commitees on - Trade and Development, Balance of Payments and Budget Finance  and  Administration. WTO also have both Trade Policy Review Body (TPRB)  and most importantly the Dispute Settlement Body(DSB) which is often termed as the " Jewel " of WTO. The five methods of conflict resolution are-Accomodation,compromise,avoidance, competition, Collaboration and related items. The most common type of dispute resolution for  civil cases are mediation, settlement conferences, neutral evaluation and arb...

 World Trade Organisation established in 1995 after lengthy debates and discussions on Uruguay round of  negotiations emerged as the legal and institutional foundation of the multilateral trading system. The final Act consists of the rules governing its working the Ministerial decisions and declarations containing  vital agreements on trade in goods, services,intellectual property rights and plurilateral trade. More over it also cater to dispute settlement mechanism and trade policy review system.WTO 's topmost decision making body is the Ministerial Conference which usually takes place every two years .On the other hand General Council is just below the Ministerial Conference that meets several times in a year. WTO 's Dispute Settlement mechanism caters to resolve trade related disputes between the member countries. The 13th Ministerial Conference was  held in Abudhabi during 26th February to 2nd March 2024 in which member countries from diverse levels of developmen...

 After  a gap of eleven years the results of all India household consumption expenditure survey conducted during August 2022 to July 2023 by the National Statistical Office (NSO)  were released by the Ministryof StatisticsandProgrammeImplementation(MoSPI).The data for the survey were collected from  261746 households from 8723 villages and 6115 urban blocks spread across the  country. As per the survey monthly Percapita Consumption Expenditure (MPCE) in Indian households rose by 33.5% between 2011-12 and 2022-23 in urban areas to ₹ 3510 as against rural areas witnessing a higher increase of  40.42% during the same period to reach ₹ 2008.The data also indicated that the urban- rural consumption divide between 2004-05 and 2022-23 narrowed significantly from the peak of 91% to 71%.The data mentioned above do not include estimated values of social welfare programs like the PM Garib Kalyan Ann yogana or state run welfare  schemes. However non food items rec...