Gold Chain

  India the most populated country in the world got independence on August 15 1947 but became itself  a  Sovereign Democratic Republic state with the adoption of Constitution on January 26th, 1950. The Constitution of India gave the power to Choose Indian people their own Government and paved the way for democracy. Located in South Asian continent India became the most populated country of the globe since June 2023  where as by area it's only the seventh largest indicating high density of population. After adoption of its own constitution on 26th January 1950 every year Republic day is celebrated in the national capital.Cerimonial march past by contingent from the Armed Forces  Para Military forces Auxiliary Civil Forces ,National Cadet Crops(NCC)and National Service Scheme (NSS) will parade from Vijay Chowk to Red Fort displaying our defense,Scientific and technological capabilities and development. This year 76th Republic day parade showcasedthhedefense streng...

GLOBAL GROWTH OUTLOOK  Growth trajectory of the world economy has indicated that since the end of Covid19 pandemic turbulence varied from supply side disruptions, energy and food crises triggered by Russia Ukraine war,tensions in middle East, surge in inflation tightening monetary policy and increasing debt levels and increased debt service cosrs.January 2025 update of World Economic Outlook IMF has projected 3.3% growth for both 2025 and 2026 as against historical average of 3.7% during 2000-19.The estimated global growth for 2024 was 3.2%.For advanced economies estimated growth was was 17.% and growth projections were  1.9 % in 2025 and 1.8 % in 2026.whereas for USA estimated was 2.8% and projected were 2.7 and 2.1 respectively.Canada estimated 1.3% of GDP for 2024 and projected growth was 2.0 % both for 2025 and 2026 respectively. Germany estimated growth was -0.2% in 2024 and projected growth were 0.3 in 2025 and 1.1% in2026.Japan also reported estimated negative growth-0....

 Indian diaspora has been broadly divided into two - Non Resident Indians ( NRIs ) and Persons of Indian Origin (PIOs).While NRIs are citizens of India currently not living in India the persons of Indian Origin (PIOs) refers to people of Indian birth or ancestory who are citizens of  countries other than India ( with minor exceptions).In addition there is a third category namely Overseas Citizens of India (OCI). OCI status is given to the people of Indian Origin and to persons who are not people of Indian origin but married to Indian Citizens  or people of Indian origin..OCI status enables such people a permanent Visa  to visit India with an Indian passport .Prakash C Jain estimated that  in 1982 there were 12.1 million Indians living abroad. As per the recent data supplied by External Affairs Ministry of India as on 26th November 2024 there were 35.4 million NRIs, PIOs inclusive of OCI living abroad. As the world's largest diaspora the ten most important destin...

 BUDGET  As the budget day February 1st is approaching it may be appropriate to briefly discuss about  the budgetary process in followed in India.Budget is  a statement of  anticipated receipts(revenue) and expenditure of the Government or public authority ranging from Central Government, State Governments and Local governments for every forthcoming financial year. While in many countries financial year and calendar year are the same, in India it commence from 1st April and ends on March 31st.Accordingly the forthcoming Central Budget 2025-26  will have three sets of estimates of receipt or income and expenditures They are 1. Budget Estimates (BE) for 2025-26,2.Revised estimates (RE) for the current financial year 2024-25 and 3.Provisional actual estimates (AE) for the  previous fiscal year 2023-24. Budget passes  through following stages in the parliament namely- as a prerequisite  pre budget Economic Survey depicting the status of the macro...

DIMENSIONS OF MIGRATION   Human migration is an integral part of the development process. It is a mechanism for reallocating labour across economic sectors and geographical areas. The word migration  generally denote movement of people from one place to other.While movements within the same country  is referred as internal migration,  movements   across  one country to the other is termed as emigration or immigration depending on movements is externally or internally from abroad. When they work in their host place or host country they recieves their remuneration for work and when they sent money to the native  country it is termed as inward remittances.The  Inward remittances are transfers made by people working abroad to support their families in the home country. Inward rremittances can be optimally utilised for buttressing the balance of Payments position of the country through funding foreign exchange component to reduce current acco...