IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES

 .ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 

When American computer scientist John Mc Carthy initially endorsed the term "Artificial Intelligence and further followed by another four scientists including Alan Turming none took it seriously that technologies like  pattern recognition, machine learning, neural networks, big data, self Al etc are all set to shape the future of humanity in terms of security, polity,economy, society and governance. Artificial alogretchc Intelligence (AI) is a branch of study that utilises machines to substitute human intelligence by performing tasks like learning, reasoning  and making decisions. AI provides a set of technologies which enables computers to perform variety of advanced functions including the ability to see,understand and translate spoken and written language, analyse  data, make recommendations and more...whch can revolutionise life across the globe. According to the existing primary classification AI can be classified into four - reactive, limited memory,theory of mind and self. In other words AI  is a science dealing with building computers and machines that can reason, learn ,and act in such a  way that would normally require human intelligence or enormous data which may exceed the ability of humans to analyze. With the emergence of  generative AI and machine learning AI witnessed manifold strides between 1950s and 2025.Investments in AI also increased exponentially during the last decade ,while existing data  available  estimated investment  of around $140 billion per year.Based on AIs capability it is divided into three 1weak AI focussing mainly on onet task 2.Strong AI where researchers will do better  and 3.Super AI  which can surpass human intelligence drastically and which is yet to evolve. 

PROBLEMS  AND PERSPECTIVES 

AI applications have been utilized in a wide range of fields ranging from medical diagnosis  finance,robotics  law,video games agriculture, and scientific discoverÿ etc.Many of human  dreams and fantasies are becoming a reality because of AIs wonders like self driving cars, automated robots,  diagnose of disease and efficiency in health care,natural language processing, reduction of energy consumption, faci1al recognition, finance, law etc. While firms like IBM is concentrting in Healthcare,etc  Google is concentrating on  facial identification, data analytics etc. Companies ranging from Google, Amazon, Apple every major tech company is making huge investment in AI sectors.ln order to make optimum and judicious utilisation of AI Microsoft developed responsible AI standards and framework for building optimum and judicious AI system based on six  principles namely-fairness, reliability and safety, privacy and security, inclusiveness, transparency and reduction in unemployment. On the other hand A I s short term impact on unemployment is positive due to rapid automation outpacing job creation, wheras in medium term unemployment can be  balanced and in the long term unemployment get reduced. The study conducted in 24 high tech developed countries from 2005to2021 analyzing the  Google Trend Index related to AI and the unemployment rate using dynamic panel data showed that Artificial Intelligence decreases the level of unemployment, and the displacement effect of AI is validated .However societies can evaluate how the possible gains from  AI are distributed, and what happens to the affected people.According to International Labour Organisation (ILO) Unemployment whether technological or due to other reasons inflicts a scar on workers and their family well-being. Studies also indicated that good quality re- employment and adequate transfer payments to reduce immediate income losses can provide safety net o a great extent. The best solution is to ensure technological innovation that complements human labour instead of replacing it. Another option more feasible in the short period is to redeploy those staff at risk of technological unemployment to other jobs within the same organization. Employers can also explore other short term solutions like adjustments  in working hours and hiring policies with consultations of employers  and workers organizations.

 India has not enacted specific AI  regulations. However the Government has introduced measures to promote innovation and address ethical issues and risks associated with AI. These efforts aim to support growth of AI eco system in India and ensure responsible AI deployment. We have also launched AI data bank to foster innovation.and enhancing national security. AI data bank is supposed to boost research and bolster countries' security. In addition to these measures and As far as India is concerned leveraging the Science, technology,mathematics and engineering (STEM) and human resources are expected to generate tremendous opportunities in AI in Frugal models like Open AI,Gemini Advanced and Llama, Government can encourage open AI models factoring in India's own knowledge.Already  AI is transforming Indian industries with its application in Healthcare, education agriculture hospitality industry etc.In short it is a good opportunity for Indian IT industry not only to develop applications but also to deploy it globally. Globally there are three models existing the working of AI. They are 1.Most liberal policy by USA with no control .2.Europe's desire to regulate Big Tech and retain control and 3.China's iron grip on technology to dictate how it will work. In this context India at AI Action Summit in Paris urged for  collective global efforts  needed to establish governance and standards that upholds shared values address risks and build trust..and must  democratise technology and create jobs.India's call for collective approach in setting standards for AI will benefit every one  especially in the South that cannot afford investments of billions of dollars required for developing technology. Great difficult is that how to ascertain whether human beings will be thrown out of jobs.It may be noted here that the Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence (GPAI) hosted by  India in 2023 emphasised the need for "equitable access to critical resources for  AI research and innovation " to underscore the need for enabling AI  infrastructure for development. While maintaining appropriate safety standards India can strive for more flexible cross border transfer of AI technologies. Simultaneously India's role as a bridge between AI superpowers of the Global North and developing nations of Global South assumes greater significance. 

CONCLUSION 

With the introduction and application of Artificial Intelligence in different spheres of human activities the  technologies make  life very  convenient healthy. and optimal.AI provides a set  of technologies that enables computers to perform advanced functions like ability to see, understand and translate spoken and written language, analyse huge data make recommendations and more of which can revolutionise quality of life. Between 1950s and 2025 with the emergence of generative AI and machine learning AI witnessed manifold and rapid strides. Apart from revolutionizing health diagnostics  and treatment, education fintech,  finance, energy law,entertainment etc. It  also paves the way to fulfill many of our fantasies and dreams including self driving cars  and automated robots which are becoming an integral part of our lives.Technological transformation may lead to job losses at least in the short period. Some argue that unemployment may continue to persist even during the medium term though at a reduced level whereas unemployment is bound to decline during the long period. While pessimists  believe in the possibility of Super Artificial Intelligence surpassing human intelligence drastically and even destroying human existence,  optimists believe that  how like computers overcame Y2K problem in 1999-2000, problems  associated with super AI can be solved effectively and successfully. In any case forging South South cooperation alliance in AI technologies and their effective use based on principles of fairness, reliability and safety, privacy and security, inclusiveness, transparency and reduction of unemployment are very vital. AI and Machine learning  have bright future in India with enormous potential to transform every sector of the economy for the benefit of society. As per Stanford's AI index  report India is ranked fourth (2023 data ) after USA 70.6 total score,China 40.17,UK  27.21 and India 25.54 total score. In fact Indian economy is undergoing rapid and profound changes due to AI which have to be further streamlined and appropriate strategy through meticulous planning have to be implemented to get optimum benefits.