Gold Chain

WORLD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK  According to IMF's World Economic Outlook April 2025 the earlier landscape of Global Economy has changed accordingly Governments around the world changed policy priorities and uncertainties reached a new peaks. Escalating  trade tensions and financial markets adjustments are swiftly changing policy uncertainties that has impacted Governments to reorder policy priorities. Measures of USA and countermeasure adopted  by its trading  partners have been ending up In a near fiasco.Swift escalation of trade tensions and  high levels of policy uncertainty are expected to impact global economic activity. Hence IMF has projected to drop global growth to 2.8% in 2025 from the earlier forecast of 3.0% for both years 2025 and 2026.Growth forecast for advanced economies is projected to be 1.4 in 2025and 1.5 in 2026 .However projections for USA slightly better with 1.8 for 2025 and 1.7 for 2026 as against only 0.8 and  1.2 for Euro area respectivel...

 GLOBAL SUPPLY CHAIN  Global supply chain refers to a network of interconnected processes,people, and technology that moves products and services across various countries,firms and organizations.It involves sourcing raw materials, manufacturing, distribution and delivering goods to the ultimate customers.In other words key aspects of global supply chains include cross border operations, sourcing raw materials, manufacturing, distribution, interconnectedness, reliance on technology, data,inventory and logistics management.Global supply chains performed  relatively  efficiently during the peak peak of globalisation from 1980s to 2010s.Since then supply chains has been facing periodial disruptions during the Covid19 period which started from China in late 2019 that developed into a global health emergency which in turn resulted in unimaginable levels of confusion an chaos in supply chains. Commencement of Russia Ukraine war in 2022 further added to supply chain disrupti...

 DELEMITATION  The process of fixing boundaries or limits to territorial constituencies  plays an integral  part in the strength and vibrancy of the democracy by virtue of maintaining equal representation and preserving the mandate namely one person one vote.As the composition and distribution of population gradually changed country have implemented delimitation of  Loksabha seats successfully based on Delemitation  Commission recommendation as per decennial censuses population of  1951,1961, and 1971.Accordingly the number of seats in Loksabha increased from 494 in 1961,522 and 543 In 1971, afterwards due to further complications 543 has been  retained and continued till date. The  average number of people per set in Loksabha also  iincreased from 7.3 lakhs in 1951,8.4 lakhs in 1961 and 10.1 lakh in 1971.On the otherhand total number of State Assembly seats increased from 3102 in 1951 to 3563 in 1961 and 3997 in 1971 census. The origina...