Gold Chain

Global headwinds including inflation, war and geopolitical tensions, recession, tightening policies and climate change forced energy  importing countries to struggle much to overcome supply disruptions of energy and fuels.Consequently the  soaring prices have caused havoc in many economies and forced millions of people back into both poverty and energy insecurity. Global energy related CO2 emissions also rose by a record level in  2021. It may be noted here that historically the first energy transition took place from wood to coal in the 18th century and  19th century is known as the "Century of coal ".Eventhough oil was discovered in 1859 oil overtook coal only in 1960s as the prominent energy source.Oil natural gas and coal markets all tightened in the latter part of 2021 increasing prices as demand pushed against apparently insufficient supply.                  India resolved to become Net Zero by 2070 and meet half of ...

 Inflation refers to a situation where the value of money falls and prices of goods and services increases, primarily due to either a push in costs of production or pull in the demand for output or a combination of both.After the outbreak of Covid19 research interest in inflation dynamics and inflationary expectations gathered momentum.Studies are anchored to the inflation target given its importance to security and price stability especially in the medium term.Inflation expectations broadly indicate what different economic agents namely consumers, businesses and investors assess today about inflation in the future.As the evolution of the inflation trajectory is conditioned by inflation expectations central bank focus on anchoring inflation expectations and if it is anchored expects that short term supply disruptions or shocks would not alter the  expectations about inflation in the medium term.Normally the measurement of inflation conducted at the retail level is known as Con...

 Eventhough the timing of Hindenburg research report released after two years of investigation may be doubted but their evidence suggests that Adani corporate group has engaged in brazen stock manipulation and accounting fraud and stock manipulation at the conglomerate, that ranges from logistics to airports and electricity. The report states that the company had 38 shell companies in Mauritius, Cyprus, Caribbean Islands UAE and Singapore through which money was being round tripped into both listed and unlisted companies of the group. Generally companies pool capital from a large investor base both in domestic and international capital and the regulators are required to govern them effectively.Corporate governance refers to the system of rules, practices, and processes by which a company is directed and controlled.It plays a crucial role in ensuring that business are run ethically and in the best interests of their stake holders. Investment is ultimately an act of faith in the abil...

Under a strong wicket of comparatively resilient strong and stable macroeconomic environment  India's Finance minister presented budget for 2023-24 that signals  growth and stability, a vision for Amrit Kaal  with thrust on - opportunities for youth and citizens, growth and Job creation. With an eye on India @ 2047 budget proposals  were aimed at realising a " technology driven, knowledge based economy with strong Public finances and robust financial sector".Seven priorities were identified to meet growth,  stability and employment namely 1. Inclusive Development 2.Infrastructure and Investment 3.Unleashing the potential 4.Green Growth. 5 Financial Sector development 6.Youth power and 7.Reaching the Last Mile.Apart from whopping  increase in allocation for infrastructure development, personal income tax exemption upto ₹7 lakhs under the new scheme regime for personal income tax, 5.9% fiscal deficit target, 50 year interest free loans to states to boost capi...

 Eventhough predictions about forthcoming coming Budget of Union Finance Minister are not warranted,  based on existing j macro economic conditions, external environment and opinions expressed by both official experts and outside economists certain points are highlighted . Currently Indian economy is very critical to the world economy not only as a epicenter of economic growth but also as global firms start to look countries across Asia as part of China +1 strategy  and India is emerging as a clear choice. India combines economic might, a large working age population, demographic dynamism, entrepreneurial energy, robust democracy and diversity.     But given the global headwinds and domestic inflationary pressures a modest GDP growth rate of 6-6.5 % is projected for India by experts for the year 2023-24. The budget 2023-24 is to strike a balance between infrastructure investments and welfare schemes while making fiscal consolidation in terms of containing F...

 According to Meier 'economic development is the process whereby the real percapita income of a country increases over a long period of time'.Naturally it implies the determinants of economic growth such as proper utilisation of natural resources, development of infrastructure, changes in technique of production, social attitudes and institutions that result in development.Development process lead to generation of  output, income and employment As population increases and the pace of economic and physical development quickens,there is widespread concerns that scarce  natural resources are used in ways that do not take account of the external costs . Accordingly the idea of "sustainable development - the development that meets the needs of present generation without compromising with the needs of future generations " assumed significance.To tackle global environmental crisis like global warming, climate change and ozone layer depletion UN adopted 17 sustainable develop...

 The term headwind is used to describe conditions that inhibit or impede progress.  It impacts the economies, industries and individual companies.Those factors that lead to decrease in value or growth of the economy or the company are refered as headwinds.They may include factors such as cost of capital, increased competition, decreased money supply etc.While macroeconomic  headwinds are mainly  high interest rates, inflation, fluctuations in exchange rate,poor economic growth etc , whereas microeconomic headwinds that affect individual firm or industry are mainly - decreased revenue, increased input cost, increased competition, decreased demand and operational, legal or management issues. As the global head winds spread across countries and continents,World Bank's latest Global Economic Prospects January 2023 report indicate a sharp long lasting slowdown with global growth declining to 1.7% in 2023 from 3% expected six months ago, virtually affecting all regions res...