Gold Chain

US TARRIFS ON INDIA  The impact of conditional and persistent trade tariff imposed by Donald Trump's administration is creating much discussion in academics and Policy levels.The secondary 25% punitive tariff and original 25% already existed together imposed by US administration on Indian exports came into effect from 27th August 2025.It has been observed that sectors that will be immediately affected  by tariffs  include textiles, garments gems and jewellery, shrimp,leather and foot wear,animal products, chemicals and electrical and mechanical machinery. It is to be noted that while there is 0% tariff on Pharmaceuticals and smartphones,only 6.9 % on  petroleum, vehicles and parts 26%, adverse impact will be maximum on knitted apparels 63.9%,woven apparels 60.3%, textiles 59%,Organic chemicals 54%,carpets 52.9%,Diamonds and gold 52.1%,Steel Copper and Aluminum 51,7 %,Machinery and mechanical appliances 51.3%.Accordingly the impact will be felt severe on apparels, tex...

 As per US Presidential order India has to pay 25%  tarrifs .Subsequently US declared that if India is not going to stop importing oil from Russia it has to pay penal tariff  of  additional 25%  which will come into effect after 21 days.and above the existing 25 % tariff as a penalty for the continued import of oil from Russia. Accordingly the total 50% tariff is expected to come into effect from 29th August. While existing 25% tariff alone could weaken India's exports to US, additional  proposed 25 %  penalty is  to be imposed on oil imports from Russia is expected to force  India  further to purchase crude from US. Trump has already branded India as one of the most protectionist countries with high trade and non trade  barriers limiting foreign market access and there by enabling India allegedly to maintain trade surplus with  US. Hence Trump's broader goal is by imposing tariff is to reduce the trade deficit and establish so...

 CETA Trade negotiations between India and UK which started from January 2022 successfully completed in July 2025 resulting in a Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA).The new strategic  cooperation plan has replaced earlier Roadmap 2030 with  comphrensive  India- UK  Vision 2035 . This outlines comphrensive road map to deepen strategic ties across Trade, technology, Defence, education, climate and innovation aiming at enhancing investment, job creation, clean energy, people to people link,shared in democratic values, mutual growth and global leadership. Broadly the intention is  to boost existing bilateral trade of $56 billion .As per the Free Trade Agreement signed on 24th July UK has removed tariff on 99% of its products apart from availing zero duty access to 99% of Indian export to UK. Bilateral Trade is expected to grow two times from $56 billion lines.But as per the study of  Global Trade Research Initiative only $ 6.5 billion or 45% ...

WORLD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK  According to IMF 's World Economic Outlook July 2025 update amidst tenuous resilience and persistent uncertainty the global  growth is projected  to  be 3.0% for 2025 and 3.1 %  for  2026 which is slightly higher to the extent of 0.2 % for 2025 and 0.1 % for 2026 as against that projected in April 2025 World Economic Outlook.Since April 2025 uncertainties not only persisted but also elevated particularly in global trade and tarrifs.However on May  12th China and USA agreed to lower for 90 days tarrifs(until August 12)  that had resulted from post April 2 escalation. The  US  current pause on higher tarrifs for most of its trading partners is set to expire in August .Global growth in the first quarter of 2025 was 0.3% above that  predicted in April WEO .Even though international trade and investment activities increased but private consumption subdued across countries. While US GDP decreased by 0.5% consumer s...

 DIMENSIONS OF INDIAN EMIGRATION  As per May 2024 estimate Indian diaspora comprising of both persons of Indian Origin (PIOs) and non resident Indians (NRIs) together constitute 35,42 million  (3.542 crores) which is the largest among world diaspora spread  across more than 200 countries. Out of total 8.2 billion global population ,  India account for 1.46  billion. Among the total number of Indian diaspora of  35.42 million abroad top ten recipient countries comprise of , USA accounting for the largest number of 5.4 million followed by UAE 3.6 million Malaysia 2.9 million, Canada 2.8 million, Saudi Arabia 2.4 million  Myanmar 2 mllion, UK 1.8 million South Africa 1.7 million ,Srilanka 1.6 million and in Kuwait,1.029 million .Historically the  demand for Indian labour increased after British Parliament abolished slavery in their  colonial plantations in 1834 and new system of indentured labour (half way between slavery and freedom) came ...

SANCTIONS AND TARRIFS   In recent days first we have witnessed that United States is preparing a bill seeking to impose 500% tariff  duties on  Soviet oil exported to other countries that continue to  trade with Soviet union. US President Donald Trump is backing Russian Sanctions 2025, and president had threatened imposition of Secondary Tariff of 100%  on countries that continue to trade on sanctioned Russian products.US Congress also issued a threat particularly to countries like China , India and Brazil.According to NATO Chief India, China and Brazil should convince Russian president Valdmir Putin to be serious about peace talks with Ukraine and if they continue to do business with Russia it will "slam back "to them.As the US Congress debates on tightening sanctions on the purchasers of Russian crude oil are gathering momentum especially against India China and Brazil ,It is to be noted here that the European Union (E U) has already sanctioned  the...

RIO BRICS SUMMIT  The Idea of BRIC as a grouping of emerging economies-  Brazil, Russia India and China was originally mooted in 2001 by Godman Sachs economist Jim O Neil,The grouping first met as a Summit in 2009 and South Africa got entry into it in 2010 and consequently name  changed to BRICS. By 2024 because of prevailing geo political conflicts, particularly the threat of  sanctions imposed by US against countries which scared them and consequently it led to increased demand for BRICS membership,  elevating to 11 country grouping  in 2024,comprising of BRICS + new members - Egypt, Ethiopia, Indonesia Iran,Saudi Arabia and UAE  who were admitted as full time members. Further countries like Belarus,,Cuba, Vietnam, Kazakhstan Thailand and Uganda were enrolled as partner countries. Recently held 17 th BRICS summit at Rio de Janeiro Brazil ,focused the theme of  "Strengthening Global South Cooperation for a more inclusive and Sustainable Governanc...