Gold Chain

The word democracy is originated from Greek words "demos"  meaning common people and kratos  meaning power.Democracy has been described as a system of government in which laws ,policies, leadership and major undertakings of a state or other polity are directly or indirectly decided by the "people ". The group historically consttituted by only a minority of the population.In ancient society democracy in rude form was practiced by tribal communities especially among hunter gatheres in prehistoric period. During the evolution of present democracy initially only the rich propertied adult males in ancient Athens and similar propertied adult males in the 19 th century Britain were allowed to vote.However by mid 20th century nearly all adult citizens were invariably permitted to take part in the democratic process. Under democracy the rulers are elected by the people to form the Government and  hence the  final decision making is done by the people.India termed as the larg...

 Way back in 1977 and 1980 Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Kerala conducted two surveys on emigration from Kerala and  estimated 1.35 lakh emigrants in 1977,and2,08 lakhs in 1980 out of which estimated 1.86 lakhs were in Gulf countries The  first Kerala Migration Survey(KMS) conducted in 1998 estimated 1.4 million emigrants from Kerala. Latest KMS (2023)estimate based on stratified multstage random survey conducted in 20000 households in the  state by International Institute of Migration and Development (IIMD) and Gulati Institute of France and Taxation (GIFT) jointly showed the number of emigrants as 2.2 million. Other interesting features are  from estimated 1,4 million emigrants in 1998 number increased to 1.8 million in 2003,2.2 million in 2008,2.4 million in 2013,but later declined to 2.1 million in 2018 and in 2023 it has increased to 2.2 million. The proportion of female emigrants also increased from 15.8 percent in 2018 to 19.1 % i...

 Emigration is largely influenced by push forces like search for livelihood opportunities and employment ,in contrast to pull forces like better income, employment and high living standards and opportunities. After the abolishing slavery in British plantations in 1834 ,in order to meet the demand for labour in British colonies they have adopted the  system of" indentured labour" half way between slavery and freedom. Consequentlly many Indians emigrated to  British colonies under the contractual agreement of five years tenure,and where planters have to provide the workers with free food, clothing, shelter,medical aid and stipulated wage of rupees 5 per month. Unfortunately the conditions of colonial emigrants remained very distressing as planters failed to meet the promiised contractual obligations on wage and working conditions.Harrowing experience was that very little care was provided especially during transit and  many a  times emigrants were forced to board ...

 It has been observed that during  the last ten years India has been increasingly following a trajectory of de- democratisation paving the way for concentration of economic and political power in the hands of the top state apparatus where a few handful of persons decided for the rest,even to the extent mockering  Parliamentary democracy,cooperative federalism, as well as other vital constitutional bodies and institutions. In the corporate world a limited number of cronies could get easy access to the country's resources and dominate the economy. As a consequence inequalities widened further. Still the poor continued to support pro rich Government attracted by religious and communal polarisation and also few highly  publicised beneficiary transfer schemes . GDP growth rate which was 6.39% in financial year 2013 increased to 7.41% in 2014,8.00% in 2015,8.26 % in 2016,6.80 % in 2017,6.45,% in 2018 ,3.74% in 2019 and further negative (-)  6.60 % growth with annual c...

 Eventhough global capability centers (GCC)were originally established in 2000 it emerged as a significant global player recently especially since  the covid19 period and afterwards. GCC was specifically established as a world wide organization to utilise global talents,resources and expertise.Initially the  Group was formed in 2000 in Houston Texas as a whole for sale of  broad band training company. By 2006 the company expanded into services, from broad brand delivering to network operations management and consultancy services, creating and building  network operations management and consultancy services across countries. Another aspect is that capability centers of large companies which were evolved by third party Information technology and business processes management companies  are born again currently with great vigour and enthusiasm. Currently GCCs  are harbingers of full blown innovations in fields like software, Artificial Intelligence (...

 The Bay of Bengal Initiative for  Multisectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) is a regional multilateral organization comprising of 7 member countries,  five  from South Asia- Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Srilanka and two from South East Asia namely Myanmar and Thailand. Together they account for estimated 1.5 billion population 3.8  trillion or 22% of global GDP. Established at the outcome of 1997 Bangkok Declaration, (Intially with Bangladesh India, Srilanka and   Thailand  Economic  cooperation, in 1997 and with the inclusion of Myanmar became BIMSTEC and in  2004 two members Nepal and Bhutan were added  it resulted in present full fledged Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multisectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation. The main objective of BIMSTEC is creating an enabling environment for the rapid economic development of the region by encouraging the spirit of  equality and partnership. Promoting to achiev...

Eventhough freedom of press as such is not mentioned in the Indian constitution but constitution protected the right to freedom of speech and expression The world press Freedom day 2024 focuses on thie theme " informing the public about the problems and solutions facing the environment. As per World press Freedom Index India ranked 133rd 0ut of 180 countries freedom Index in 2016,while Finland kept the first position continuously  for two years. Finnish communications regulatory authority has detailed regulations dealing with the internet, cyber security, telephone, post,TV and radio. They also publish every details and update news on their website to let the public know their deeds and actions.In 2023 India ranked 161 out of 180 countries with a score of only 36.62 out of 100..In 2022 India's rank was 150.India ranked 159 in the 2024  world press Index  as against Pakistan 152 Afghanistan 172.and China 177."The  press Freedom is defined as the ability of journalists...