Economic capsule- 3

 Human Development Index and India

Human Development Index (HDI) originally developed by Pakistani economist Mahabub ul Haq and utilised by United Nations Development Program (UNDP) in it's Human Development Report is widely accepted as a better measure of development.So far thirty reports (H D R) have been released.

   HDI is a composite index comprising of education, life expectancy and percapita income.As per 2019 data while Norway ranked first in HDI rank with 0.957 HDI value, India with HDI value of 0.645 was placed at the 131 rank Out of 189 countries.HDI position was estimated based on percapita income of $6681,12.2 years of expected schooling,6.5 years of mean schooling and average life expectancy of 69.7 years.Though India had marginally improved HDI from 0.642 in 2018 to 0.645 in 2019, country's average life  of 69.7 is substantially lower than even that of Bangladesh 72.6 and Bhutan 71.8 years.While Bhutan with 129 th rank followed by India 131, Bangladesh 133 and Pakistan 154 belonged to the medium Human Development group other neighbours like Sreelanka 72 and China 85 were included in the High human Development group as against countries like Norway 1and Ireland 2 included in the very high human development category.

   Human Development Report 2020 focussing on anthropocene and human development, sets out choice offering a thought provoking necessary alternatives to paralysis against rising poverty and inequalities alongside alarming planetary changes.Alarming planetary changes necessitated development of a new measure of human development.The report introduced a new generation of planetary pressure adjusted HDI.If PHDI is taken into account Norway's First position would belost by 15 places and Ireland would top the list. While India would  improve by 8places, Srilanka 34, Bangladesh 9, Pakistan 2and Bhutan 4 places, Chinese position would come down by 16 places.In any case the new Human Development Report is a major attempt to incorporate the impact of planetary pressures in human development.






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