Gold Chain

WORLD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK  According to IMF's World Economic Outlook April 2025 the earlier landscape of Global Economy has changed accordingly Governments around the world changed policy priorities and uncertainties reached a new peaks. Escalating  trade tensions and financial markets adjustments are swiftly changing policy uncertainties that has impacted Governments to reorder policy priorities. Measures of USA and countermeasure adopted  by its trading  partners have been ending up In a near fiasco.Swift escalation of trade tensions and  high levels of policy uncertainty are expected to impact global economic activity. Hence IMF has projected to drop global growth to 2.8% in 2025 from the earlier forecast of 3.0% for both years 2025 and 2026.Growth forecast for advanced economies is projected to be 1.4 in 2025and 1.5 in 2026 .However projections for USA slightly better with 1.8 for 2025 and 1.7 for 2026 as against only 0.8 and  1.2 for Euro area respectivel...

 GLOBAL SUPPLY CHAIN  Global supply chain refers to a network of interconnected processes,people, and technology that moves products and services across various countries,firms and organizations.It involves sourcing raw materials, manufacturing, distribution and delivering goods to the ultimate customers.In other words key aspects of global supply chains include cross border operations, sourcing raw materials, manufacturing, distribution, interconnectedness, reliance on technology, data,inventory and logistics management.Global supply chains performed  relatively  efficiently during the peak peak of globalisation from 1980s to 2010s.Since then supply chains has been facing periodial disruptions during the Covid19 period which started from China in late 2019 that developed into a global health emergency which in turn resulted in unimaginable levels of confusion an chaos in supply chains. Commencement of Russia Ukraine war in 2022 further added to supply chain disrupti...

 DELEMITATION  The process of fixing boundaries or limits to territorial constituencies  plays an integral  part in the strength and vibrancy of the democracy by virtue of maintaining equal representation and preserving the mandate namely one person one vote.As the composition and distribution of population gradually changed country have implemented delimitation of  Loksabha seats successfully based on Delemitation  Commission recommendation as per decennial censuses population of  1951,1961, and 1971.Accordingly the number of seats in Loksabha increased from 494 in 1961,522 and 543 In 1971, afterwards due to further complications 543 has been  retained and continued till date. The  average number of people per set in Loksabha also  iincreased from 7.3 lakhs in 1951,8.4 lakhs in 1961 and 10.1 lakh in 1971.On the otherhand total number of State Assembly seats increased from 3102 in 1951 to 3563 in 1961 and 3997 in 1971 census. The origina...

MAJOR OBSERVATIONS OF IMF  After concluding Article 1v  consultation with India Executive Board  of  IMF observed that despite recent moderation in GDP growth India remained robust with 6 percent yearly growth during the first half of 2024-25.Real GDP is expected to grow at 6.5%  both in  2024-25 and 2025-26 largely due to  macro economic and financial stability coupled with growth in private consumption. Moeover strength of financial sector health is  strenghened  to incorporate balance sheets,strong foundation in public infrastructure etc which strengthened the growth process. Inflation on the otherhand broadly declined within the tolerance band of 2-6 despite food price fluctuations led voltatility. The financial sector also remained resilient with drastic decline in non performing loans showing multi year low Level .While fiscal consolidation has started, the current account deficit is expected to remain sustainable and remain moderate at...

GLOBAL SCENARIO  According to the the data supplied by the Ministry of External Affairs in November 2024 there were 35.4 million Indian diaspora living abroad comprising of persons of Indian Origin ( PIOs) Non Resident Indians (NRIs) and Overseas Citizens of India (OCI). As per   RBI's recent study - India's stock of international migrants tripled from 6.6 million in 1990 to 18.5 million in 2024.with corresponding share among global migrants rising from 4.3% to over 6% in the same period. In recent years the number of Indian students seeking higher education in global universities surged rapidly across many countries and continents. Available data regarding student emigration for January 2024 showed that out of 13.4 lakh Indian students Canada continued to remain the most preferred  destination for Indian students pursuing higher education abroad at (32% ) followed by USA(25.3%).UK(13.9%) andAustralia(9.2%). A good number of Indian students have been  migrating ...

IMPLICATIONS OF RECIPROCRAL TARIFFS. Imposition of tarrifs by Donald Trump administration across countries and commodities are impacting both geopolitical challenges and the functioning of the global economy. Trump's 25% tariff imposed on Aluminium and steel with effect from 12th March  aims to boost US  factory employment.But  President's uncertain policies are adversely impacting stock market and creating recessionary trends in the economy. According to Moodys the  credit rating agency , due to US  tariffs  Indian steel producers will face difficulties like reduction in prices and profit margins.US tariff on steel will lead to increased competition and  over supply in other steel producing markets. As per Global Trade Research Initiative (GTRI) data US imports of steel and aluminum witnessed upward trend despite starting of trade war in 2018 when imports was $31.1 billion which increased to $33 billion in 2024.As primary supliers of steel and aluminu...

CRYPTO ASSETS The first ever Crypto Summit held  at White House on March 7th is determined to make America as the  crypto capital of the planet and Trump pledges to make the US the World's"bitcoin Super power " The declaration by president Donald Trump earlier in January that USA will create a strategic crypto currency reserves led to not only a big rally in  the crypto market but  also caused much anxiety and alarm in economic circles as well.  Trump observed that Reserves will hold five different crypto currencies namely bitcoin,Etherleum, Ripple, Sol and Ada.Crypto currencies/assets has been utilised differently in various countries.For instance while barter transactions has been followed in countries like Canada and Russia it is accepted as a mode of payment in Japan, Switzerland and Thailand. On the otherhand ElSavador treated it as legal tender. In  contrast China is not at all entertaining private crypto currencies/assets. It may be noted here that c...